From three monopolies to the 2017 merger to the 2024 reform
Finnish gambling has been run by state monopolies since the 1930s. Veikkaus was set up in 1940 for football pools and later the lottery. RAY was established in 1938 for slot machines and land-based casinos, while Fintoto ran horse-race betting. For decades, these three operated side by side, sending profits to specific public causes: Veikkaus supported youth and sports, RAY funded social welfare and health, and Fintoto backed horse racing. By the late 1990s, when the internet arrived, this three-monopoly model was 80 years old. It struggled to adapt to online play, and because the three operators were popular, changing them was difficult. While politicians debated for two decades, the offshore market grew.
In 2017, the three monopolies merged into a single state-owned company called Veikkaus Oy. This simplified the structure and unified how money was collected, but it did not change the core monopoly. Veikkaus took over all three product areas, becoming the single face of state-authorised gambling for lottery, casino, sports, and horse racing. This was an administrative change rather than a structural one, as the monopoly remained in place.
By the late 2010s and early 2020s, the issue of offshore gambling became harder to ignore. Finnish state estimates suggest that Veikkaus only captured about 50% of total online gambling in Finland, with the other half going to international operators based abroad. This is the lowest rate for any European monopoly market, far behind countries like Norway or Sweden before their own reforms. Because international operators were good, enforcement was limited, and the Veikkaus website did not offer as many games as international sites, the monopoly failed to keep Finnish gambling activity within the national regulatory framework.
The Finnish Ministry of the Interior (Sisaministerio) drafted the reform package in 2023. It was debated and approved by the Finnish parliament (Eduskunta) in 2024 with support across party lines. The new law creates a competitive licensing system for casino games and sports betting, while keeping lottery and scratch cards exclusive to Veikkaus. A new licensing authority, known as Lupahallinto, is being set up. Regulations for licence fees, safety rules, and advertising are being finalised throughout 2025. The first licences should be issued in 2026, with the market opening in 2027.
In mid-2026, Finland is in the middle of this transition. The law is approved, regulations are being finalised, and the new authority is being built. Operators are preparing their licence applications. For now, the choices for Finnish players remain the same as in previous years. However, this will change by the end of 2027 once the licensed market is operational.